In the last year for which data is available, 2008, the highest marginal tax rate was 35%. This rate is paid on AGI above $357,700. Certainly someone with AGI over that value is in the well-to-do category, but may not be “millionaires and billionaires” (but this is immaterial to my point). According to the IRS, the number of returns that were in this highest marginal rate was 971,510. So there’s nearly a million households in this country that are, at least by the IRS bracket definition, “rich”. Not too shabby, it seems the USA is indeed the land of opportunity.
According to the IRS, the cumulative amount of AGI subjected to this highest rate was $622,765,389,000, so let’s round up to $622.8B. The taxes generate on this money is therefore $218B (the IRS reported $217,967,886,000). The overall effective rate for these returns (taxes paid / income) was 28.9%.
Let’s assume for a moment (no matter how unrealistic the assumption is) that no one affected would change a lick of their income-generating behavior as a result if we raised the top marginal rate to 100%. How much revenue would that generate? Why, all of $622.8B, if no one modified their behavior in any way that affected their income and tax impact. That is, it would generate an additional $404.8B in revenue relative to the current 35% bracket.
If you added that $404B to the revenue pot, our deficit this year would still be over $1T…
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